The power supply converts the alternating voltage 220V of the electrical network into a constant voltage of 3, 3V, 5V and 12V, which is required for the operation of all nodes of the system unit. The unstable operation of the power supply unit can lead not only to spontaneous reboots and shutdowns of the computer, but also to the failure of its individual components.
Dusty computer
During operation of any electrical circuit, its elements heat up. This applies to both the power supply and the system unit. To ensure stable operation of the computer, passive (through openings in the case) and forced (using fans) heat dissipation is carried out. The user manual always indicates the permissible temperature limits at which a particular node of the system unit operates normally.
If a lot of dust gets into the power supply, the heat dissipation is significantly reduced, which leads to overheating of the device. Unplug the computer and remove the screws that secure the power supply to the back of the system unit. Remove the cover from the power supply unit by unscrewing 4 screws. Thoroughly blow out dust from the unit using a vacuum cleaner, blow-out, hair dryer or a can of compressed gas. Clean all elements of the board with a hard brush.
Typically, the power supply is mounted closer to the top of the system unit. If the openings of the system unit are clogged with dust, hot air, not finding an outlet, rises up and additionally heats the power supply unit. When blowing through the power supply, do not forget to free the system unit from dust.
High-quality expensive power supplies are equipped with a protection system that turns off the power supply in case of overheating. If your computer shuts down frequently, it may be due to a power problem.
Fan failure
The power supply may overheat due to insufficient forced heat dissipation. If the PSU fan hums or knocks violently during operation, disassemble the PSU as described above. Unscrew the 4 screws that secure the cooler to the PSU wall and remove it from the case. Peel off the sticker and remove the rubber plug in the center. Apply a couple of drops of machine oil to the bearing and rotate the fan blades in different directions to distribute the oil evenly.
Put back the rubber plug and use a cotton swab to remove excess oil from its surface. Apply glue to the sticker and attach it to the end cap. Screw the fan to the power supply case and test its operation.
Failure of the power supply elements
Disassemble the power supply and carefully inspect the board for swollen or exploded electrolytic capacitors - for serviceable ones, the upper end should be flat or slightly depressed. Pay attention to the blackened burnt areas and elements on the board. All these malfunctions can lead to overheating of the power supply unit.
Failed elements can be replaced at home. But, if you are not confident in your own abilities, it is better to purchase a new power supply unit so as not to risk expensive system unit assemblies.
Design features
Some manufacturers produce PSUs that are too small in size to reduce the cost of their products. Due to the lack of free space, the elements inside such a housing heat up much more. Therefore, experts do not recommend saving money when buying a power supply. It is better to take products from well-established companies.
Laptop power supply
Hot air is removed from the laptop case through the ventilation holes on the underside of the laptop. To prevent overheating of the power supply, the laptop should not be placed on a pillow, sofa, or other surface that retains heat well. It is best to use special stands that do not interfere with the heat dissipation and prevent the laptop from excessively heating.
