Unfortunately, there are still no devices on the market that send sounds encoded into an electrical signal directly to the brain. Therefore, this signal is sent by the reproducing device to the speakers of the headphones, which create air vibrations that are captured by the membrane in the listener's ear and are subsequently converted into signals from the nerve endings. If one of the headphones suddenly stops shaking the air in the listener's ear, then there may be several reasons for this, and some of them can be eliminated quite easily.
To cope with this not fatal, but annoying nuisance, you must first determine what exactly went out of order - "localize the malfunction", as all sorts of "electrified pros" put it in the films. Start by checking the simplest - make sure the headphone jack is fully inserted into the correct jack. Contacts transmitting signals of the left and right channels on the pins of modern connectors are made in the form of rings located one above the other. If the plug is not inserted all the way, then the upper ring does not touch the corresponding contact in the connector and one of the headphones does not receive a signal.
Another reason may be the malfunctioning of a special program ("driver") in the device to which the headphone is connected, which ensures its joint operation with the systems of this device. Most often, this kind of trouble happens when you connect headphones to computers. It can be eliminated only by installing a suitable driver - usually the set of purchased headphones or the device to which they are connected contains a disc with the necessary software. If it is not there, then you will have to look for the driver on the Internet.
Both of the above reasons are eliminated without "surgical intervention", since the "patient" (headphones) himself does not have any damage. If, however, it was not possible to make the second speaker of the device work by the above methods, then, probably, such damage is still there. Examine the connecting cord from the headphones - it may be partially damaged somewhere and the contact of the wiring of one of the channels is broken. This most often occurs near the connector and the headphone speakers. Of course, headphones with such damage will have to be replaced, but as a temporary measure, you can replace the damaged part if you have an unnecessary device with a similar connecting cable. In this case, simply cut off the damaged part, strip and twist the wires of the old and new connecting cords and wrap with electrical tape (tape, adhesive sticker, etc.) the junction of at least one of the two wires.
If none of the above caused the headphones to function normally, then the chances are very high that the speaker or something else inside the case of the inoperative headset is damaged. Since these parts of the headphones, as a rule, are made non-separable, you just have to say goodbye to the headphones and please yourself with a new purchase.