One of the simplest programmers for microcontrollers is AVReAl. If your computer has an LPT port, then the electronic part of the programmer may not contain active elements at all. If there is no such port, you can use a USB-LPT adapter.
Instructions
Step 1
Make sure the microcontroller you are about to program is in the list of devices supported by the programmer.
Step 2
Connect the pins of the DM-25M plug with the microcontroller legs as follows: pin 6 of the plug - "/ RESET", pin 7 - MOSI, pin 5 - XTAL1, pin 8 - SCK, pin 10 - MISO, any pin from 18 to 25 - common wire nutrition. The location of the microcontroller legs with the corresponding names depends on its type. It can be specified in the datasheet for the microcircuit.
Step 3
Connect the DB-25M plug to the LPT port of your computer or a USB-LPT adapter. In the second case, connect the adapter to the USB port of the computer. Note that this adapter will not work in pure DOS.
Step 4
Download the control program for the AVReAl programmer suitable for your OS (DOS, Linux, BSD, Windows). The DOS version is no longer updated, but is still available for download. This program does not require installation - it is enough to unpack all files into one folder. Place the HEX file with the firmware there too.
Step 5
Apply power to the microcontroller according to its pinout, observing the polarity. Run the program with the required keys and file name. The description of the keys is located on the next page:
Step 6
After the programming is successfully completed, remove the power from the microcontroller and disconnect it from the programmer.
Step 7
With one controller successfully programmed, place the programmer in the case. On its front panel, place several panels for microcontrollers with different pinouts, connected in parallel at the corresponding pins. Place the power supply there, as well as a switch that allows you to quickly turn it on and off, and any indicator of the presence of voltage (for example, an LED with a 200 Ohm resistor and a power of 0.5 W), which is necessary in order not to accidentally place the microcontroller in socket or not remove it from there when the supply voltage is on.
