The telephone was invented in 1932 by the American scientist Alexander Bell. At first, the devices were large, expensive and unwieldy, "the toy of the rich." Today almost everyone has a phone, and it can fit in your pocket. How have these communication devices changed?
Instructions
Step 1
The evolution of phones was driven by the struggle between companies and technological approaches, views on business. The initiative passed (along with financial success) to the company that was in the trend, better than others at solving the problem of connecting ordinary users.
Step 2
The American firm AT&T became the first telephone company in the world. She bought the patent from Bell and became a kind of monopolist. She managed to connect the largest cities of the USA with a wire communication channel: New York, Los Angeles, Philadelphia and Boston. Apparatuses the size of a kitchen stove today and hundreds of telephone operators manually switching wires are the most important milestones of that time.
Step 3
Phones kept getting smaller and smaller. But the real revolution was the telephone-fax proposed by the manufacturer of Xerox printers. Thousands of entrepreneurs were able to exchange documents in the blink of an eye - a breakthrough in the history of the telephone industry.
Step 4
Yet the main disadvantage of telephones was their attachment to wires. Science made it possible to use electromagnetic waves as a means of transmitting information. AT&T returned to the market of major communication players, revealing to the world cellular communication, so named because of the principle of cells (information is transmitted by radio waves from one hexagonal section to another, in the center of each cell is a radio antenna tower). Cell phones then weighed ten kilograms and were used exclusively in cars.
Step 5
Siemens and Nokia in the early 90s of the XX century solved the problem of dimensions. Cell phones could now be put in a pocket. And English students used a protocol error to exchange information for free. This is how SMS messages appeared.
Step 6
Apple has created the first touchscreen device to house a phone, laptop, and music player. IPhones have gained hundreds of thousands of fans around the world.
Step 7
The history of phones does not end, and the telecommunications market is one of the most dynamic. Cisco creates business solutions, Microsoft uses Skype's VO-IP service, and Google uses millions of devices on the free Android operating system.
