Despite its almost fifty years, in our country, touchscreen technology began to gain popularity not so long ago. And you can still find an individual looking with disbelief at the payment terminal, trying to poke a finger at it harder.
Necessary
A computer with an Internet connection, devices with touchscreen technology
Instructions
Step 1
Touchscreen technology (from English t ouch-touch and screen-screen) was developed to replace push-button control more than 40 years ago in the West with the aim of ease of use and saving space on the working surface of ATMs. Later, it found application in almost all areas of modern reality: from the already familiar smartphones and payment terminals to the dashboard in cars. The touchscreen is a touch screen controlled by touching with your fingers or a special stylus. Moreover, due to the absence of buttons and, consequently, the gaps between them, the risk of dust or moisture getting inside the device itself is excluded.
Step 2
In addition to a wide range of applications of touch technologies, the monitors themselves use various systems that can recognize human touch. The resistive panel consists of two plates separated by a dielectric and coated with a special conductive compound. The top plate is flexible and the bottom plate is rigid. The charge passes through two layers at the moment and at the point where the user touches the screen. This change is transmitted by the electrodes located at the edges of the plates to the controller, which processes the signal, calculating the coordinates of the touch. This type of screen is the most common, however, despite its simplicity and low cost, it has a significant drawback. The flexible plate is subject to rapid wear and is rated for a million touches at one point.
Step 3
A large "reserve" of touches has a capacitive screen type. Another advantage over the resistive model is the ability to transmit a sharper image. The principle of operation of this type of screen is based on the ability of a person to conduct an electric charge. In this system, the layer that stores the electrical charge is on the glass panel of the monitor. At the moment of touch, part of the charge is transferred to the user. The decrease in the charge on the capacitive layer is transmitted by the electrodes to the controller, which determines the coordinates of the touch.
Step 4
The most interesting and expensive system is the technology of surface acoustic waves. Instead of electrodes, piezoelectric emitters are placed at the corners of the screen, converting the signal into an ultrasonic wave, which is uniformly propagated by reflectors over the entire area of the screen. The ultrasound is then focused on a receiver, which converts the received vibration back into an electrical signal.
Step 5
Any touch of the screen leads to a change in the picture due to the propagation of waves. The controller compares it with the reference matrix and calculates the desired coordinate. The controller can also determine the force of pressing, which, in addition to high accuracy and high quality of the picture, is one of the most important advantages of SAW panels.
